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Born in Ulm, German Empire, to an Ashkenazi Jewish family, Einstein spent the first years of his life in Munich. He completed his high school education and higher education in Switzerland; but to difficulties in finding a job at a university, he started working as an inspector(müfettiş) in a patent office. The year 1905 was miracle (mucize) year for Einstein, and although his theories were not immediately accepted at the time, he published four papers that would revolutionize phys in the future. In 1914, he returned to Germany at the personal request of Max Planck. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. Due to the rise of the Nazi Party to power, he left Germany in 1933 and settled in the United States. He died in Princeton County, New Jersey, where he spent the rest of his life.
Albert Einstein, with his theories(genel görelilik) of special relativity(özel görelilik) and general relativity, revolutionized the understanding of space, which had been dominated by Newtonian mechanics for two centuries. His theories, which he created with only mathematical calculations and equations, were later proven experimentally many times. The mass-energy equivalence he formulated with the equation E = mc2 explained how stars create energy and paved the way for nuclear technology. His mathematical explanations for the photoelectric effect and Brownian motion are among his other contributions to modern physics. He spent most of his life trying to create a unified field theory that unified all theories, but these efforts were fruitless. Einstein was quite skeptical of some of the results of quantum mechanics, especially the uncertainty principle, but these approaches were widely accepted in the future.
Einstein, worried that the Nazis would develop a nuclear bomb, sent a letter to the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, recommending the USA to start nuclear studies. He defended the idea that the Jews should have their own country after the Holocaust and supported the establishment of Israel. In his various interviews, he stated that he did not believe in Judaism and other holy books, and published an article sympathetic to socialism. Along with Bertrand Russell, he also published a manifesto against nuclear weapons.
In the millennium poll held in late 1999 with 100 prominent physicists, Einstein was ranked #1 among the greatest physicists of all time.
Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers during his lifetime, and he also had more than 150 non-scientific works. Because of his achievements and works, the word Einstein began to be used synonymously with "genius".
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